超临界技术提取黄花蒿/青蒿挥发性萜烯

本研究采用全因子设计程序优化了超临界CO₂（sc-CO₂）提取黄花蒿中挥发性萜烯类成分的工艺，并与传统蒸馏法进行了比较。考察了压力（100–220 bar）和温度（40–60 °C）对sc-CO₂提取的影响，以期在保持较高得率的同时获得富含目标组分的提取物。sc-CO₂提取的得率（m/m）在0.62%（130 bar/40 °C）至1.92%（100 bar/60 °C）之间变化。单萜类化合物是sc-CO₂提取物中最丰富的成分，其中以蒿酮（16.93–48.49%）、樟脑（3.29–18.44%）和1,8-桉叶素（4.77–11.89%）为主。主要倍半萜类为蒿属烯B（3.98–10.03%）和β-芹子烯（1.05–7.42%）。sc-CO₂提取物的萜烯组成与传统水蒸馏和水蒸气蒸馏所得精油的萜烯组成之间存在差异，两种蒸馏所得精油之间也存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，从黄花蒿中快速有效地超临界提取某些单萜和倍半萜的最佳条件，这些成分具有潜在的抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性。

Keywords: Artemisia annua; sweet wormwood; essential oil; terpenes; green extraction; hydrodistillation; steam distillation; supercritical CO2 extraction; artemisia ketone; arteannuin B

关键词：黄花蒿；青蒿；精油；萜烯；绿色提取；水蒸馏；水蒸气蒸馏；超临界CO₂提取；蒿酮；蒿属烯B

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3. Materials and Methods

3.3. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sc-CO2) Extraction超临界二氧化碳（sc-CO₂）提取
The extraction of the volatile terpene components from A. annua was carried out using an sc-CO2 extraction system (SFE Process, Tomblaine, France). A total of 10.0 g of ground plant material was placed in an extraction vessel with a volume of 100 mL. High-purity CO2 was used as solvent at a constant flow rate of 50 g/min. The extraction was carried out for 30 min at different temperatures (40–60 °C) and pressures (100–220 bar). The extracts obtained were collected in previously weighed glass tubes using a balance with an accuracy of ±0.0001 g and stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C. The extraction yield was expressed as mass percent (%, m/m).

黄花蒿中挥发性萜烯组分的提取采用sc-CO₂提取系统（SFE Process, Tomblaine, France）进行。将10.0 g粉碎的植物材料置于体积为100 mL的提取釜中。以高纯度CO₂为溶剂，恒定流速为50 g/min。提取在40–60 °C的不同温度和100–220 bar的不同压力下进行，提取时间为30 min。所得提取物收集于预先称重的玻璃管中（使用精度为±0.0001 g的天平称量），并在4 °C冰箱中保存。提取得率以质量百分数（%，m/m）表示。

A full factorial design was used to determine the optimal pressure and temperature to obtain the highest extraction yield and target ingredients. The commercial software Design-Expert® (Ver. 8, Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used to analyze the results. The quality of the fitted model was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The test for statistical differences was based on the total error with a confidence level of 95.0%.

采用全因子设计确定获得最高提取得率和目标成分的最佳压力与温度。使用商用软件Design-Expert®（Ver. 8，Stat-Ease Inc.，美国明尼阿波利斯）对结果进行分析。拟合模型的质量通过方差分析（ANOVA）进行评估。统计差异检验基于总误差，置信水平为95.0%。