超临界二氧化碳从菠菜中选择性绿色提取单半乳糖基二酰基甘油

摘要 
本研究探讨了使用超临界二氧化碳（CO2）从冻干菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）粉末中纯化高纯度单半乳糖基二酰基甘油（MGDG）的方法。在提取过程中，首先评估了操作条件（包括压力、温度和使用乙醇作为共溶剂）对提取率和脂质选择性的影响。增加压力（200-400巴）和乙醇共溶剂浓度（3.9-6.5%v/v）可提高MGDG提取效率。在优化的提取条件下（400巴、45°C、6.5%乙醇和40克/分钟二氧化碳），在提取期间（15-45分钟），从30克菠菜粉中获得476毫克MGDG，主要与色素共提取。使用活性炭对提取的溶液进行脱色，得到高纯度的MGDG最终提取物，总收率约为84%，相当于402mg MGDG。有趣的是，与菠菜总脂质相比，这些MGDG提取物也富含ω-3脂肪酸，超过87%的总脂肪酸对应于ω-3脂肪酸酯C18:3 n-3（>71%）和C16:3 n-3，（>16%）。
 
Keywords: spinach, Omega-3, Lipids, glycolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

关键词：菠菜、Omega-3、脂质、糖脂、单半乳糖基二酰基甘油（MGDG）、超临界二氧化碳萃取

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2.3.2. Lipid extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) at pilot scale

Extraction was carried out on a pilot installation (SFE PROCESS, France). The Process Flow Diagram (PFD) of the installation is shown in Figure 1. The extraction experiments were carried out using a supercritical CO2 extraction system (Extractor) with a capacity of 500 mL, capable of operating at pressures up to 1000 bar and temperatures up to 150 °C. The pressure within the extractor was controlled by a pressure regulator (relief valve P), ensuring stable pressure throughout the process. One separator of 100 mL size was connected at the outlet of the extractor (separation conditions P = 47 bar; T = 45 °C). A heating system was placed around each of the extractor and the separator to ensure precise temperature control throughout the process. For each extraction, 30 g of freeze-dried spinach biomass was loaded in the extractor. The installation was powered by CO2, which was stored in a CO2 cylinder at a pressure of 57 bar. Initially, the CO2 was maintained in the liquid state and pumped with a flow rate of 40 g/min for all the experiments carried out during this study.

2.3.2.超临界二氧化碳（CO2）中试规模脂质提取 
提取是在一个试点装置（法国SFE PROCESS）上进行的。装置的工艺流程图（PFD）如图1所示。提取实验使用容量为500 mL的超临界CO2提取系统（提取器）进行，该系统能够在高达1000 bar的压力和高达150°C的温度下运行。提取器内的压力由压力调节器（安全阀P）控制，确保整个过程中的压力稳定。在提取器的出口处连接一个100 mL大小的分离器（分离条件P=47 bar；T=45°C）。在每个提取器和分离器周围都放置了加热系统，以确保整个过程中的精确温度控制。对于每次提取，将30g冷冻干燥的菠菜生物质装入提取器中。该装置由二氧化碳提供动力，二氧化碳以57巴的压力储存在二氧化碳气瓶中。最初，在本研究期间进行的所有实验中，CO2保持液态，并以40g/min的流速泵送.