Cyranose 320电子鼻在诱导牛呼吸道疾病模型中有效区分激发前后的呼吸道样本

Simple Summary: Diagnostic tools that can accurately detect pneumonia in cattle on-farm, which provide early, consistent, and easy to interpret results are sparse. This study tested a hand-held electronic nose (eNose) to determine its capability in accurately diagnosing cattle experimentally infected with common bacteria of cattle pneumonia. Additionally, multiple sampling methods were tested to determine the optimum sample type for use on the eNose. When samples collected from animals are tested on the eNose, the device provides a single result related to the pneumonia status of the animal, making implementation on-farm straightforward for the device operator. Results showed that the eNose was able to accurately classify animals based on their pneumonia status. Nasal swab samples were the ideal sample type for use on eNose due to better accuracy and ease of use. The eNose’s ability to provide accurate and easy to interpret results related to pneumonia status have the potential to promote better antimicrobial stewardship and animal welfare through consistent and early detection of this disease.

能够准确检测农场牛肺炎的诊断工具很少，这些诊断工具能够提供早期、一致和易于解释的结果。本研究采用手持式电子鼻（eNose）对实验性感染牛肺炎常见细菌的牛进行诊断。此外，对多种取样方法进行了试验，以确定用于eNose的最佳样品类型。当从动物身上采集的样本在eNose上进行测试时，该设备提供了与动物肺炎状态相关的单一结果，使得设备操作员可以直接在农场实施。结果表明，eNose能够根据动物的肺炎状态对其进行准确分类。鼻拭子样本具有较好的准确性和易用性，是eNose的理想样本类型。eNose能够提供与肺炎状态相关的准确且易于解释的结果，通过持续和早期检测该疾病，有可能促进更好的抗菌管理和动物福利。

Abstract: Field-based diagnostic technologies which aid in the early detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are of great need, given the rising attention related to animal welfare and antimicrobialstewardship. This induced BRD study followed 12 Holstein calves through pre-challenge (day 1-3) and post-challenge (day 6-13) periods with daily sampling of nasal secretions with nasal swabs and expired air with air collection bags for determination of BRD status by use of an electronic nose (eNose). Animals were challenged with bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) on day 3 following samplecollection and Mannheimia haemolytica on day 5. Results demonstrated a high degree of accuracy for the eNose in correctly classifying pre-challenge samples for nasal swabs (93.5%) and expired air(96.8%). Post-challenge correct classification by the eNose was 97.8% for nasal swabs and 72.5% for expired air samples. Logistical regression was used to determine the probability of agreement between eNose classification and actual animal BRD status by study day. The largest discrepancy between nasal swab and expired air samples fell on days 6 and 7, immediately following the bacterial challenge. The eNose demonstrated potential as a field-based diagnostic tool for the detection of BRD with nasal swabs as the optimal sample type.

随着人们对动物福利和抗微生物软件的日益重视，有助于早期发现牛呼吸系统疾病（BRD）的现场诊断技术是非常必要的。本诱导BRD研究对12头荷斯坦犊牛进行了激发前（第1-3天）和激发后（第6-13天）的追踪，每天用鼻拭子采集鼻腔分泌物，用空气收集袋采集呼气，用电子鼻（eNose）测定BRD状态。在采集样本后的第3天，用牛疱疹病毒-1（BHV-1）攻击动物，在第5天用溶血性甘露菌攻击动物。结果表明，eNose对鼻拭子（93.5%）和呼气（96.8%）激发前样本的分类准确率较高。鼻拭子激发后eNose分类正确率为97.8%，呼气标本为72.5%。Logistic回归分析eNose分级与研究日动物BRD实际状态的符合率。鼻拭子和呼出空气样本之间的最大差异出现在细菌激发后的第6天和第7天。eNose可作为以鼻拭子为最佳样本类型的BRD现场诊断工具。

Keywords: bovine respiratory disease; cattle; diagnostic test; electronic nose; volatile organic compounds

关键词：牛呼吸道疾病；牛；诊断试验；电子鼻；挥发性有机化合物