利用超临界气体膨胀液体萃取(GXLE)和脂质体微囊化从橙子副产物中制备稳定的神经保护提取物
在循环经济框架下,对农业食品副产物进行高附加值化利用是一个有趣的研究课题。此外,开发环境友好且高效的萃取工具,从这些生物质中获取目标化合物,已成为当今之需。本研究探讨了一种将气体膨胀液体萃取与新型微胶囊化方案相结合的组合工艺,旨在从橙子副产物中回收并稳定神经保护性化合物。通过实验设计对两种工艺条件进行了优化。优化后的最佳萃取条件为:采用30%乙酸乙酯经CO₂膨胀,于50 °C、10 MPa下,静态模式萃取30分钟。所得提取物的生物活性优于使用加压液体萃取和超临界流体萃取获得的同类提取物。另一方面,经优化的低温搅拌微胶囊化方案实现了高于73%的有效包封率。因此,封装后产品的整体生物活性因该包封率而有所降低,但产品在加速储存条件(45 °C,80%湿度)下被证实可稳定保存超过4个月,而未封装的原提取物在不到一个月内即丧失了50%的活性。综上,研究结果表明,这种组合方法有助于将常见的农业食品副产物转化为高附加值提取物,并因其生物活性和稳定性,具备作为功能性配料的潜力。
Keywords:Orange by-product,GXL extraction,Liposomal microencapsulation,Extract stability
关键词: 橙子副产物,气体膨胀液体萃取,脂质体微胶囊化,提取物稳定性
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2.Materials and methods材料与方法
2.2.Process optimization工艺优化
2.2.1.GXL extraction optimization气体膨胀液体萃取(GXLE)优化
The extraction process was tailored specifically for the biomass used, employing a semi-pilot system with a 2 L extraction cell (SFE-Process, Tomblaine, France) and 350 g of material in each extraction. The optimal EtAc percentage was determined through a response surface study using an I-optimal randomized design and a quadratic model, analyzed with Design-Expert software (version 12.0.12.0, State-Ease, Minneapolis, USA). Solvent concentration was tested within the range of 30 to 70 %, leading to 9 extractions performed in a randomized order. For each experiment, 350 g of biomass were combined with 1050 g of glass beads, acting as a dispersant (ratio 1:3 sample-to-dispersant). The optimization was conducted at an extraction pressure of 10 MPa, a temperature of 50 ◦C and an extraction time of 30 min on static mode [12]. The response variables considered were extraction yield, total carotenoid content (TCC), total terpene content (TTC), and acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity (AChE-inhibition), all these following the protocol provided in Amador-Luna et al. [13]. Besides, the overall environmental impact of the process was also considered [13]. The optimum obtained was carried out in triplicate to assure the replicability of the model.
萃取工艺针对所用生物质进行了专门定制,采用半中试系统,配备2 L萃取釜(SFE-Process, Tomblaine, France),每次萃取使用350 g原料。最佳乙酸乙酯(EtAc)比例通过响应面研究确定,采用I-最优随机设计和二次模型,并使用Design-Expert软件(12.0.12.0版,State-Ease,美国明尼阿波利斯)进行分析。溶剂浓度在30%至70%范围内进行测试,按随机顺序进行了9次萃取。每次实验将350 g生物质与1050 g玻璃珠(作为分散剂)混合(样品与分散剂比例为1:3)。优化条件为:萃取压力10 MPa,温度50 °C,静态模式萃取时间30 min[12]。考虑的响应变量包括:萃取率、总类胡萝卜素含量(TCC)、总萜烯含量(TTC)以及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力(AChE抑制率),以上指标均按照Amador-Luna等[13]提供的方案测定。此外,还考虑了工艺的总体环境影响[13]。所得最优条件通过三次重复实验进行验证,以确保模型的可重复性。