氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸(AVG)的速率和时间影响’Gala’苹果的果实品质和生理紊乱

摘要 
氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸（AVG）是一种采前植物生长调节剂，通常用于苹果树，通过延迟果实成熟来管理收获。然而，AVG的不同速率和应用时间的影响尚不清楚。在这项为期两年的研究中，通过比较在第一次预期收获前21-28天施用半量AVG（有和没有在接近收获时额外施用）和在收获前7天或更短时间内施用全量AVG，来研究AVG对果实质量和生理疾病的影响。水果在控制气调贮藏长达8或9个月，具体取决于年份。与未处理的果实相比，AVG处理延迟了果实的成熟，但与早期的半速率处理相比，全速率处理的延迟程度较低。主要生理贮藏障碍的发展——茎端果肉褐变和果肉褐变——与更成熟的果实有关。AVG降低了疾病发生率，但在接近收获时的治疗效果较差。建议早期应用AVG，无论是作为单一半速率还是额外的半速率，以保持质量并尽量减少“Gala”苹果长期CA贮藏的生理障碍的发展。

Keywords: Malus x domestica, AVG, flesh browning, controlled atmosphere storage, plant growth regulators, IAD values

关键词：苹果、AVG、果肉褐变、控制气调贮藏、植物生长调节剂、IAD值

···

2.2 Harvest and storage
Only fruit with ≥60% red color were harvested. Fruit were harvested from 6 trees per replicate three times in 2020, 9/8 (H1), 9/15 (H2) and 9/22 (H3), and two times in 2021, 9/14 (H1) and 9/21 (H2). Only two harvests occurred in 2021 because of advanced red color development and maturation of the fruit. On each harvest date, containers of approximately 40 fruit each plus 10 fruit for evaluation of harvest indices and quality, were harvested from each replicate set of trees for each treatment Fruit were transported to the postharvest laboratory at Ithaca, NY, for analysis and storage. The containers of fruit from each treatment were then loaded into 0.9 m3 CA chambers (Storage Control Systems, Sparta, MI, USA) in a 0.5 °C storage room to cool overnight. Atmospheres of 2 kPa O2/2 kPa CO2 were then established within 48 h, checked hourly and maintained with an  ICA 61/CGS 610 CA Control System (International Controlled Atmosphere Ltd., Kent, U.K.)  modified with flow controllers for the experimental chambers (Storage Control Systems, Sparta, MI, USA). Fruit were stored for 4 and 8 months in 2020, and 5 and 9 months in 2021. Fruit quality was evaluated after 1 and 7 d at 20 °C.

2.2收获和贮藏 
只收获红色≥60%的果实。2020年，每个复制品从6棵树上收获了三次果实，分别是9/8（H1）、9/15（H2）和9/22（H3），2021年收获了两次果实，即9/14（H1）和9/21（H2）。由于果实的红色发育和成熟，2021年只收获了两次。在每个收获日期，从每种处理的每组重复树木中收获约40个水果和10个水果，用于评估收获指数和质量。水果被运送到纽约伊萨卡的收获后实验室进行分析和贮藏。然后将每种处理的水果容器装入0.5°C储藏室中的0.9 m3 CA气调室（Storage Control Systems, Sparta, MI, USA）中冷却过夜。然后在48小时内建立2kPa O2/2kPa CO2的大气，每小时检查一次，并用ICA 61/CGS 610 CA控制系统（International Controlled Atmosphere Ltd., Kent, U.K.）维持，该系统用实验室（Storage Control Systems，Sparta，MI，USA）的流量控制器进行了修改。2020年，水果分别贮藏了4个月和8个月，2021年分别贮藏了5个月和9个月。在20°C下放置1天和7天后评估果实质量。